Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are major forms of hidden hunger, especially in populations that depend heavily on cereal-based diets. Wheat is therefore a strategic crop for biofortification, but grain Fe and Zn concentration is controlled by complex networks of uptake, chelation, transport, remobilization and storage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide a precise post-transcriptional regulatory layer because they repress specific messenger RNAs by cleavage or translational inhibition. Recent wheat studies have identified Fe- and Znresponsive miRNAs, including conserved families such as miR397, miR398 and miR408 and several wheat-specific novel miRNAs. These small RNAs are linked with multicopper oxidases, zinc-ion transport, transcription factors, E3 ubiquitin ligases, antioxidant defense and cellular detoxification. This review summarizes how miRNA-based targeting could complement conventional breeding, genomic selection and genome editing to increase Fe and Zn loading in wheat grain while maintaining yield and stress tolerance.