Biosecurity has emerged as a critical component of modern swine production, particularly given the emergence of diseases such as African swine fever, porcine epidemic diarrhea, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome. The fundamental principles of biosecurity in pig farming encompass both external and internal measures designed to prevent disease introduction and spread. External biosecurity addresses pathogen entry through replacement animals, personnel, vehicles, and feed, while internal biosecurity focuses on managing disease transmission within farm premises. Effective biosecurity programs integrate risk assessment, facility design, personnel management, and continuous monitoring to reduce disease incidence, minimize antimicrobial use, and improve overall farm productivity. Implementation of comprehensive biosecurity measures requires understanding disease epidemiology, recognizing behavioral factors influencing farmer compliance, and establishing systematic protocols supported by veterinary expertise and appropriate resource allocation.