India?s agricultural sector is undergoing a significant transition toward Natural Farming as a strategic response to rising input costs, deteriorating soil health, and climate-induced vulnerabilities. The evolution of Natural Farming policy in India, tracing the shift from early initiatives like the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY, 2015) and Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP, 2020) to the institutionalization of the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF, 2024). Through a mission-mode approach, Natural Farming aims to reduce chemical dependency and enhance the economic viability of small and marginal farmers. A central pillar of this transition is the empowerment of women, who play a critical role in seed management and bio-input preparation through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and decentralized Bio-Input Resource Centres. Natural Farming fosters socio-cultural transformation by integrating indigenous ecological knowledge with scientific validation, thereby strengthening community-led decision-making. Furthermore, the direct contributions of Natural Farming to household nutrition and food security through crop diversification and kitchen gardens. Using Odisha as a compelling regional model, the analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of adaptive zoning and community-centric implementation. It concludes that the convergence of robust policy frameworks, gender-responsive entry points, and local knowledge systems positions Natural Farming as a transformative pathway for achieving equitable, resilient, and sustainable agricultural development in India.