Genetically modified (GM) crops contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture by increasing yields, enhancing tolerance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses, and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Currently cultivated in 29 countries across nearly 190 million hectares, major GM crops such as soybean, maize, cotton, and canola show particularly high adoption in the Americas and India. Their cultivation has improved farmer incomes and reduced production costs. Bt-based crops have also lowered pesticide exposure, benefiting farm workers? health. However, concerns related to allergenicity, antibiotic resistance, long-term health risks, and public acceptance persist, highlighting the need for rigorous biosafety evaluation and transparent scientific communication.