Insect mitochondrial genomics is an important tool for investigating genome organisation, evolutionary relationships and applications in pest management. Insects possess compact mitochondrial genomes of approximately 15?18 kb, encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs and a non-coding control region. These genomes are maternally inherited, show limited recombination and evolve rapidly, making them informative for phylogenetic and comparative studies. Advances in next-generation sequencing have greatly increased the availability of complete insect mitochondrial genomes, revealing variation in genome structure, including gene rearrangements, nucleotide compositional bias, control-region duplication and genome fragmentation. While these features provide useful phylogenetic signal, they may complicate deep-level inference. Mitochondrial genomics also supports species identification, detection of cryptic taxa, monitoring of invasive pests and insecticide resistance, contributing to pest management and biosecurity.