Seed quality is critical to obtaining high agricultural output, but standard chemical seed treatments have environmental, ecological, and health implications. As a result, nonchemical seed treatments like laser irradiation, non-thermal plasma, and magnetic field exposure have emerged as viable and creative options. These physical approaches improve seed germination, vigour, and stress tolerance by stimulating natural physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that leave no chemical residues or induce pathogen resistance. Laser treatment improves hormonal balance and photosynthetic efficiency via photoreceptor-mediated signalling; plasma treatment increases seed coat permeability and redox signalling via reactive species; and magnetic treatment stimulates water uptake, enzyme activity, and gene regulation. Collectively, these technologies provide major agronomic benefits, including increased yield and quality and compatibility with modern sustainable farming methods. Despite obstacles with standardization and large-scale adoption, ongoing mechanistic research and field validation demonstrate the huge potential of non-chemical seed treatments for climate-smart and sustainable agriculture.