Protected cultivation has emerged as transformative approach for enhancing vegetable productivity and produce quality under changing climatic conditions. The present article highlights the role of protected structures in improving yield, quality attributes and resourceuse efficiency of vegetable crops. By modifying key microclimatic factors including temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture, protected environments create favourable growth conditions that significantly enhance physiological performance, crop uniformity and marketable yield compared to open- field cultivation. Protected cultivation contributes to reduced pest and disease incidence, lower pesticide residues and substantial savings in irrigation water and fertilizers. These systems enable successful off- season vegetable production, ensuring year- round availability. However, challenges such as high initial investment, technical skill requirements and climate- specific adaptability remain constraints to large- scale adoption. Overall, protected cultivation presents a viable, climateresilient strategy for sustainable vegetable production, offering significant opportunities for enhancing productivity, quality and profitability.