Soil is a dynamic natural resource that underpins agricultural productivity, ecological stability, and human survival. Soil science, encompassing pedology and edaphology, investigates the formation, classification, and functions of soil in relation to both natural ecosystems and agriculture. With global food demand increasing and environmental pressures intensifying, soil science provides the foundation for sustainable agricultural practices and climate-resilient systems. The article concludes by stressing the urgent need for soil protection and innovative research to ensure long-term ecological and food security.