Diospyros ebenum Koenig, commonly known as Ceylon Ebony, is a slow-growing, medium to large evergreen tree belonging to the family Ebenaceae, native to Peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Valued for its exceptionally dense and black heartwood, it is one of the most soughtafter sources of commercial ebony globally. This species is primarily found in dry deciduous and mixed evergreen forests, usually as an understorey tree. Due to overexploitation for high-quality timber, D. ebenum is currently classified as 'Data Deficient' on the IUCN Red List, highlighting the need for focused conservation and management strategies. Propagation is typically through seeds, which exhibit high viability when sown fresh under shaded nursery conditions. The tree prefers tropical to sub-tropical climates, well-drained soils and full sun to moderate shade. Management practices include proper irrigation, thinning, minimal pruning, mulching and protection against pests like termites and diseases. The application of organic fertilization significantly enhances growth and timber quality. The heartwood is extremely dense, black, fine-grained and highly durable, making it ideal for high-value applications including furniture, musical instruments, ornamental carvings and precision tools. Its slow growth rate and high commercial value necessitate sustainable cultivation practices, controlled harvesting and reforestation efforts to ensure long-term availability and ecological stability.