Livestock are an invaluable asset to agro-based countries like India, providing power, transport, fertilizer, fuel, and nutrition. They serve as a vital source of food and economic security for many families. However, protozoan parasites pose a significant threat to livestock health, adversely affecting their well-being, productivity, and overall contribution to rural livelihoods. Common protozoan genera affecting livestock include Trypanosoma, Babesia, Theileria, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and various species of Coccidia. These pathogens are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and reproductive disturbances. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis, followed by appropriate treatment, is crucial to prevent disease progression, reducing transmission, and minimizing the impact on animal health and agricultural output. The objective of this article is to explore effective diagnostic methods for key protozoan diseases in livestock, facilitating early detection and intervention to curb their spread and mitigate their pathological consequences.