Seed priming is a pre-sowing technique that partially hydrates seeds to activate metabolic processes such as DNA repair, enzyme activity, and antioxidant buildup?leading to faster and more uniform germination after re-drying. While it improves seed performance and crop establishment, priming requires precise control over hydration and drying, posing challenges for small-scale farmers due to cost and complexity. In agriculture, seed priming is widely used to enhance germination, stress tolerance (drought, salinity, temperature extremes), disease resistance (via biopriming with beneficial microbes), and early crop establishment. It contributes to sustainable farming by reducing water, fertilizer, and pesticide use, ultimately increasing yields and supporting climate resilience and precision agriculture. A recent innovation in priming involves amphiphilic compounds like surfactants, which improve water uptake, break seed coat barriers, enhance nutrient delivery, and boost stress tolerance. These surfactants help in modifying seed-water interactions, enabling better germination, especially in hard-coated or dormant seeds. Looking forward, integrating seed priming with technologies like seed coating and genetic tools presents a promising approach for boosting productivity and ensuring food security. Continued research and optimization are crucial to fully exploit its benefits in sustainable and resilient agriculture.