MicroRNAs are diminutive, non-coding Ribonucleic acids that are essential in modulating gene expression throughout animal development and pathology. This review seeks to deliver a thorough examination of the present state of miRNA research in animal development and disease, emphasising their role in essential biological processes including embryogenesis, cell differentiation, and tissue development. We examine the function of miRNAs in many animal diseases, encompassing cancer, metabolic disorders, and reproductive problems. Additionally, Our research focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their therapeutic applications, as well as their potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. We delineate prospective avenues for miRNA research in animal development and pathology, underscoring the necessity for additional exploration of the intricate processes governing miRNA regulation and its implications in veterinary medicine.