System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a climate-smart, input-reducing, and output-increasing way of growing rice. It focuses on altering management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients instead of using external inputs. SRI developed in Madagascar during the 1980s and has now emerged as a worldwide phenomenon because it can help grow more rice by consuming less water, seeds per hectare, and agrochemicals. This paper addresses the principles, practices, advantages, limitations, and future directions of SRI under the scenario of sustainable rice farming.