High-Density Planting (HDP) is a modern horticultural technique that maximizes fruit yield per unit area by optimizing space. It is vital for food security and has been successfully applied in crops like mango, citrus, guava, papaya, and apple, with ultra-high-density apple orchards reaching 20,000 plants per hectare. HDP relies on dwarfing rootstocks, compact cultivars, growth regulators, and precision pruning to enhance light interception, shoot control, and resource efficiency. The benefits of high-density planting include higher solar radiation use, early yields, lower labor costs, and better fruit quality. However, challenges include high establishment costs, complex maintenance, and pest issues. HDP has transformed global fruit production, with India adopting it in guava and banana, proving its sustainability and economic benefits.