The global population is rapidly increasing and is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050. To meet the demand for food security in the world we need to focus on the new technologies to reduce the hunger and poverty. Chemical fertilizers are considered an indispensable source of plant nutrition to improve the crop production. However, only about half of the fertilizer applied is use by crop and the rest, which is supposed to be absorbed by the plant, remains in the soil and might make matters worse by contaminating water, settling in the soil, or seeping into it. The major macronutrients that are applied to the soil (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) are observed to be lost at rapid rate. Nanotechnology can precisely identify and provide a certain amount of nutrients to a crop, thereby improving resource use efficiency besides keeping safety into consideration. This also reduces the adverse impact of fertilizer applicants on soil. Besides these advantages, the use of nano fertilizers minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage and reduce the frequency of the application.