Nestled in the pristine hills of Meghalaya, Lakadong turmeric stands as one of the finest and most potent turmeric varieties in the world. Known for its exceptionally high curcumin content (6.8-7.5%) of its rhizomes, which gives it powerful medicinal and anti-inflammatory properties, this golden spice has long been a source of livelihood for local farmers and a prized commodity in global markets. However, its cultivation faces increasing threats, particularly from plant diseases that affect yield, quality, and farmer livelihoods. Fungal infections like rhizome rot and leaf spot, have become major challenges, exacerbated by changing climatic conditions and unsustainable farming practices. These diseases not only reduce productivity but also threaten the long-term sustainability of Lakadong turmeric. This article explores the disease-related challenges as well as various economic and technical challenges affecting this prized spice and highlights potential solutions. Addressing these threats through scientific research, farmer education, and policy support is crucial to preserving the legacy of Lakadong turmeric and ensuring its continued contribution to Meghalaya?s agricultural economy.