Biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix, which can form on both living and inert surfaces. These biofilms provide protection to microbes against various environmental stresses, such as extreme pH, temperature, antibiotics, and radiation. The matrix, primarily composed of exopolysaccharides, facilitates microbial adhesion and promotes communication between cells. While biofilms are essential for microbial survival, they can pose significant challenges in industries like food processing, where they contribute to contamination by harmful pathogens. Biofilms can be formed by a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Despite their negative implications, biofilms also have beneficial roles in natural processes and applications such as wastewater treatment. Understanding their formation, structure, and control is crucial for managing their impact in both beneficial and harmful contexts.