Protected cultivation has emerged as transformative approach for enhancing vegetable productivity and produce quality under changing climatic conditions. The present article highlights the role of protected structures in improving yield, quality attributes and resourceuse efficiency of vegetable crops. By modifying key microclimatic factors including temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture, protected environments create favourable growth conditions that significantly enhance physiological performance, crop uniformity and marketable yield compared to open- field cultivation. Protected cultivation contributes to reduced pest and disease incidence, lower pesticide residues and substantial savings in irrigation water and fertilizers. These systems enable successful off- season vegetable production, ensuring year- round availability. However, challenges such as high initial investment, technical skill requirements and climate- specific adaptability remain constraints to large- scale adoption. Overall, protected cultivation presents a viable, climateresilient strategy for sustainable vegetable production, offering significant opportunities for enhancing productivity, quality and profitability.

In recent years, the proliferation of social media platforms has revolutionized the way information is shared and consumed. This transformation has extended to the field of agriculture, where social media is increasingly being utilized as a tool for agricultural extension. Agricultural extension traditionally involves the dissemination of knowledge, practices, and technologies to farmers to improve productivity, sustainability, and livelihoods. Social media offers a dynamic and cost- effective medium for this purpose, especially in regions where traditional extension services face logistical and financial constraints. However, while the opportunities are vast, several challenges must be addressed to maximize its potential.

Dairy farming is a vital component of rural livelihoods in India, contributing significantly to household income and nutritional security. Women play a central role in livestock management, undertaking most day-to-day dairy-related activities. Despite this, their contributions often remain undervalued due to limited access to resources, extension services, markets, and decision-making platforms. Among the key constraints faced by women dairy farmers, access to quality green fodder remains one of the most critical, directly affecting animal health, milk productivity, and farm profitability. This case study of Kalpana Jena, a woman dairy farmer from Banamalipur village in Niali, of Cuttack district in Odisha, illustrated how addressing a single but pivotal constraint i.e. fodder availability, can bring transformative outcomes. Through targeted training and improved access to knowledge on fodder cultivation, she was able to enhance milk yield, reduce dependence on external feed sources, lower production costs, and gain greater control over her dairy enterprise. The case highlights the potential of small-scale, women-focused interventions to improve productivity, reduce drudgery, and foster economic and social empowerment in dairying.